The surgical treatment of tumors is called oncologic surgery. When performed for cancer or even some benign tumors, oncologic surgery differs significantly — both technically and philosophically — from surgeries done for non-cancerous conditions. Oncologic surgery is not simply about removing a mass. It follows strict principles designed to maximize the chance of cure and minimize the risk of recurrence.
- Preserving the Integrity of the Tumor The first key principle is to avoid damaging the tumor during surgery. Ideally, the tumor is not touched directly. This is because any disruption or trauma to the tumor may cause cancer cells to spill into the surrounding tissue or bloodstream, potentially spreading the disease further.
- Removing a Margin of Healthy Tissue To ensure no cancer cells are left behind, the tumor is removed along with a margin of healthy tissue surrounding it. In some cases, this means that otherwise healthy structures or organs near the tumor may also need to be removed — not because they are diseased, but to ensure the cancer is fully cleared.
- Lymph Node Removal In many cancers, the lymph nodes around the tumor must also be removed. These nodes are often the first places cancer can spread. Their removal: • Helps determine the stage of the disease more accurately • Reduces the risk of the cancer recurring in the local area
Oncologic surgery follows a unique and rigorous approach. Failing to adhere to these core principles may lead to incomplete treatment of the disease and significantly reduce the patient’s chance of successful recovery. In summary, cancer surgery is not just any surgery. It requires experience, precision, and strict adherence to oncological principles to ensure the best possible outcome for the patient.
